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1 motivé
motivé, e [mɔtive]a. [personne] motivatedb. [action] ( = légitime) well-founded* * *motivée mɔtive adjectif1) ( enthousiaste) motivated ( pour as regards; pour faire to do)2) ( légitime) [plainte] justifiable* * *mɔtive adj motivé, -e* * *A pp ⇒ motiver.B pp adj1 ( enthousiaste) [personne, équipe] motivated (pour as regards; pour faire to do); un étudiant peu motivé a student lacking motivation; il est peu motivé he lacks motivation;2 ( légitime) [exigence, retard, décision, plainte] justifiable;3 ( avec explications) [texte] explanatory;4 Ling ( non arbitraire) motivated.1. [personne] motivated -
2 motivé
motivé2 personne motiviert -
3 non-controversial
adj що не є спірним- non-controversial items пункти порядку денного, що не є спірними- non-controversial in motive несуперечливий за своєю мотивацією -
4 non-controversial
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5 non-controversial in motive
English-russian dctionary of diplomacy > non-controversial in motive
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6 gratuit
gratuit, e [gʀatyi, yit]adjectivea. ( = non payant) freeb. ( = non motivé) [supposition, affirmation] unwarranted ; [accusation] unfounded ; [cruauté, insulte, violence] gratuitous* * *gratuite gʀatɥi, it adjectif1) ( non payant) freenuméro d'appel gratuit — Freefone® number GB, toll-free number US
2) ( injustifié) [violence, remarque] gratuitous; [accusation] spurious; [exercice] pointless3) ( désintéressé) [compliment] disinterested* * *ɡʀatɥi, ɥit adj gratuit, -eJ'ai deux places gratuites pour le film. — I've got two complimentary tickets for the film.
"entrée gratuite" — "entrance free"
2) fig (= sans motif) (acte, méchanceté) gratuitous* * *1 ( non payant) [place, échantillon, service] free; [logement] rent-free; numéro d'appel gratuit Freefone number GB, toll-free number US; entrée gratuite admission free GB, free admission; à titre gratuit free of charge; le concert était gratuit the concert was free;2 ( injustifié) [violence, méchanceté, meurtre] gratuitous; [accusation] spurious; [exercice] pointless; [remarque] uninvited;3 ( désintéressé) disinterested; leurs compliments ne sont jamais gratuits their compliments are never entirely disinterested.1. [non payant] free‘entrée gratuite’ ‘free admission’c'est gratuit it's free, there's no charge2. [sans fondement] unwarranted4. [désintéressé]———————— -
7 unmotivated
[ʌn'məʊtɪveɪtɪd]1) ( lacking motive) [crime, act] gratuit2) ( lacking motivation) [person] non motivé -
8 unmotivated
1 ( lacking motive) [crime, act] gratuit ;2 ( lacking motivation) [person] non motivé. -
9 arbitraire
aʀbitʀɛʀadj1) beliebig, willkürlich2) ( de son propre chef) eigenmächtigarbitrairearbitraire [aʀbitʀεʀ]I AdjectifWillkür féminin -
10 gratuit
-E adj.1. беспла́тный; безвозме́здный littér.; дарово́й fam.;une entrée gratuite — вход свобо́дный <беспла́тный>; c'est gratuit! — э́то беспла́тно!; à titre gratuit — безвозме́здно, беспла́тно, да́ром fam.l'enseignement gratuit — беспла́тное обуче́ние;
2. (non motivé) беспричи́нный, немотиви́рованный, необосно́ванный (injustifié); безоснова́тельный (sans fondement);une hypotèse gratuite — несостоя́тельное предположе́ние; une accusation gratuite — голосло́вное обвине́ние ║ un acte gratuit littér. «— бескоры́стное де́йствие»une méchanceté gratuite — беспричи́нная зло́ба;
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11 ongemotiveerd
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12 unmotivated
unmotivated [‚ʌn'məʊtɪveɪtɪd]sans mobile; (person) non motivé; (without ambition) dépourvu d'ambition;∎ his actions were unmotivated by any desire for personal glory ses actes n'étaient pas motivés par un quelconque désir de gloire personnelleUn panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > unmotivated
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13 lucro
m.profit, gain.pres.indicat.1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: lucrar.* * *1 gain, profit\afán de lucro profit motive* * *noun m.* * *SM profitafán 1)lucros y daños — (Econ) profit and loss
* * *masculino profit, gain* * *----* ánimo de lucro = profit motive.* sin ánimo de lucro = non-profit [nonprofit], non-profit making, not-for-profit, generously.* * *masculino profit, gain* * ** ánimo de lucro = profit motive.* sin ánimo de lucro = non-profit [nonprofit], non-profit making, not-for-profit, generously.* * *profit, gainsin afán or ánimo de lucro with no profit motive in mind* * *
Del verbo lucrar: ( conjugate lucrar)
lucro es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
lucró es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo
lucro sustantivo masculino
profit, gain;
lucro sustantivo masculino gain, profit
una organización sin ánimo de lucro, a non-profit-making organism o nonprofit organization
' lucro' also found in these entries:
English:
exploit
- nonprofit
- organization
- for
* * *lucro nmprofit, gain;* * *m profit;afán de lucro profit-making;sin ánimo de lucro non-profit (making), not-for-profit* * *lucro nmganancia: profit, gain -
14 mobile
mobile [mɔbil]1. adjectivea. ( = qui bouge) movingb. ( = qui peut bouger) movablec. [main-d'œuvre, population, téléphone] mobile2. masculine noun• quel était le mobile de son action ? what was the motive for what he did?b. ( = objet) mobile3. compounds* * *mɔbil
1.
adjectif gén mobile; [feuillet] loose; [fête] movable
2.
nom masculin1) ( motif) motive2) Physique moving body3) Art mobile* * *mɔbil1. adj1) (= portable) (téléphone, téléphonie) mobile2) (= amovible) (cloison, support) removable3) (pièce) moving4) (élément) movable2. nm1) [crime, meurtre] motive2) (= œuvre d'art) mobile3) PHYSIQUE moving object, moving body4) (= portable) mobile Grande-Bretagne mobile phone Grande-Bretagne cellphone USA* * *A adj1 ( non fixe) [pièce, élément] mobile; [feuillet] loose; [fête] movable; échelle mobile des salaires sliding salary scale;2 ( non sédentaire) [personnel] mobile;3 ( motorisé) [antenne, unité] mobile;4 ( non figé) [visage, traits] mobile.B nm1 ( motif) motive; le mobile du crime the motive for the crime; sans mobile apparent without any apparent motive;2 Phys moving body;3 Art mobile.[mɔbil] adjectif3. [changeant] mobileun visage mobile a lively ou animated face4. [à valeur non fixe]————————[mɔbil] nom masculin1. [de sculpteur, pour enfant] mobile2. [motif] motivequel mobile l'a poussé à agir ainsi? what motivated ou prompted him to act this way? -
15 fine
end* * *1. adj fine( sottile) thinudito, vista sharp, keen( raffinato) refined2. m aimal fine di... in order to...secondo fine ulterior motive3. f endalla fine in the endalla fin fine, in fin dei conti after all, when all's said and donesenza fine endless* * *fine1 s.f.1 ( termine) end, ending; close, conclusion: la fine del giorno, del mese, the end (o close) of the day, of the month; rivediamoci a fine settimana, let's meet again at the end of the week; la fine del mondo, the end of the world; alla fine del primo trimestre, at the end (o close) of the first term; fino alla fine dei tempi, dei secoli, till the end of time; il principio della fine, the beginning of the end; verso la fine dell'anno, towards the end of the year; accadde verso la fine dell'estate, it happened in late Summer; è la fine, this is the end (o this is the last of it); metter fine a qlco., to put an end (o a stop) to sthg. (o to bring sthg. to an end); vedere la fine di qlco., to see the end (o the outcome) of sthg. // volgere alla fine, to draw to an end (o to a close): l'anno volge alla fine, the year is drawing to an end (o to a close o is nearing its end) // fine, ( al termine di opere letterarie, pellicole ecc.) the end // (comm.): fine d'anno, year end; fine esercizio, end of the financial year; di fine esercizio, year-end (attr.); pagamento a fine mese, monthly settlement; fine dei rapporti con una società, termination of one's links with a company // (Borsa): fine corrente mese, end current account; fine prossimo mese, end next account; // (inform.): fine carta, paper-out condition; fine del tempo disponibile, time-out; fine pagina, overflow // non vedo l'ora di vedere la fine di questo lavoro, I'm looking forward to the end of this work // combattere fino alla fine, to fight to the end; lavorare fino alla fine, to work to the end // fare una buona, una cattiva fine, to come to a good, a bad end // i feriti sono tre, due in fin di vita, there are three wounded, two of them close to death (o dying) // che fine hanno fatto i miei occhiali?, where have my glasses got to?; che fine ha fatto Fulvia?, what (ever) happened to Fulvia? // alla fin fine, in fin dei conti, ( dopotutto) after all (o when all is said and done): in fin dei conti, alla fin fine non ti è andato così male, after all it didn't turn out too badly for you; alla fin fine, in fin dei conti si può sapere che cosa avete deciso?, in short, what did you decide? // senza fine, (agg.) endless, (avv.) endlessly: mi ha procurato fastidi senza fine, he caused me endless (o no end of) trouble2 ( di libro, film ecc.) ending: è un buon romanzo, ma non mi è piaciuta la fine, it's a good novel but I didn't like the ending.fine1 s.m.1 ( scopo) purpose; end, aim, object, ( intenzione) intention: il fine ultimo, the ultimate aim (o purpose); fini onesti, honest intentions; fini reconditi, obscure goals; si era posto un fine ben preciso..., he had adopted a clear goal...; non ho capito qual era il suo fine, I can't understand what his aim was; avere un secondo fine, to have a hidden agenda, to have an ulterior motive; raggiunto il suo fine, se ne è sbarazzato, having achieved his aim he got rid of him; l'ha fatto solo a fin di bene, he did it with good intentions (o with the best of intentions); il fine non giustifica i mezzi, the end does not justify the means // al solo fine di, with the sole object of; al fine di, (letter.) in order to // e a tal fine..., and to this end... (o and with this object in view...) // senza fini di lucro, non-profit (attr.) // essere fine a se stesso, to be an end in itself2 ( risultato, conclusione) result, conclusion, issue, outcome: condurre qlco. a buon fine, to bring sthg. to a successful conclusion; portare, giungere a buon fine, to bring, to come to a successful conclusion // (comm.) salvo buon fine, subject to collection (o to final payment) // lieto fine, happy ending: un film a lieto fine, a film with a happy ending3 ( freno, limite) check, curb, end: porre un fine agli abusi, to curb abuses (o to put an end to abuses).fine2 agg.1 ( sottile) fine, thin; ( delicato) delicate: uno spago fine, a thin piece of string; una pioggerella fine, a fine drizzle; voce fine, thin voice; avere un tocco fine, to have a delicate touch; avere un udito fine, to have sharp (o keen) hearing // aria fine, pure air // sabbia fine, fine sand3 ( raffinato, distinto) fine, refined, distinguished: veste con un gusto fine, she dresses with fine (o refined) taste; è una signora molto fine, she's a very refined lady4 ( acuto) fine, subtle, shrewd: distinzione fine, fine (o subtle) distinction; ironia fine, subtle irony; spirito fine, shrewd wit.* * *I ['fine] agg2) (acuto: vista, udito) sharp, keen, (odorato) fine, (fig : ingegno) shrewd, (osservazione, ironia) subtle3) (raffinato: persona) refined, distinguishedII ['fine] sm1) (scopo) aim, end, purpose, Filosofia end2) (conclusione) endIII ['fine] sf(gen) end, (di libro, film) endingalla fine — in the end, finally
senza fine — endlessly (avv), endless (agg)
a fine anno/mese — at the end of the year/month
alla fin fine — at the end of the day, in the end
in fin dei conti — when all is said and done, (tutto sommato) after all
è la fine del mondo! — (fig : stupendo) it's out of this world!, pegg what's the world coming to?
buona fine e buon principio! — (augurio) happy New Year!
* * *I 1. ['fine]1) (fatto di piccole parti) [sabbia, polvere] fine2) (sottile) [tratto, pioggia] thin, fine; [caviglie, polsi] slim, thin3) (acuto) [ingegno, osservazione, udito] sharp, keen; [ ironia] subtle; [ distinzione] fine4) (delicato) [ lineamenti] fine, delicate5) (raffinato) [persona, maniere] refined, elegant; [ porcellana] fine; [oreficeria, biancheria, stoffe] fine, exquisite; [ pasticceria] fine2.avverbio (finemente) [scrivere, macinare] fine(ly)••II ['fine]fa fine — it's smooth o sophisticated, it's the thing
sostantivo femminile1) (termine) end, conclusion, finish; (fondo, estremità) end, bottomfino alla fine — until o to the end
mettere o porre fine a qcs. to put an end o a stop to sth., to bring sth. to an end; avvicinarsi alla fine to draw to a close o an end; alla fine at last, finally, in the end; alla fine è diventato insegnante he ended up as a teacher; alla fin fine, in fin dei conti after all, all things considered, all in all; "fine" (di film, romanzo) "the end"; senza fine [discussioni, guerra] endless, unending; essere la fine del mondo fig. to be terrific; non è la fine del mondo! it's not the end of the world! in fin di vita — dying, nearing death
2) (esito) endfare una brutta fine — to go to the bad, to come to a bad o sticky end, to come to no good
che fine ha fatto la mia biro? — colloq. what has become of my pen?
3) (morte) endIII ['fine]fare una brutta fine — to come to a bad o sticky end
sostantivo maschile1) (scopo) end, purpose, aimessere a fin di bene — to be well-meant o well-intentioned
2) (esito) endinga lieto fine — [ storia] with a happy ending
condurre qcs. a buon fine — to bring sth. to a satisfactory conclusion
••il fine giustifica i mezzi — prov. the end justifies the means
* * *fine1/'fine/1 (fatto di piccole parti) [sabbia, polvere] fine2 (sottile) [tratto, pioggia] thin, fine; [caviglie, polsi] slim, thin4 (delicato) [ lineamenti] fine, delicate5 (raffinato) [persona, maniere] refined, elegant; [ porcellana] fine; [oreficeria, biancheria, stoffe] fine, exquisite; [ pasticceria] fine; una signora molto fine a woman of great distinctionII avverbio(finemente) [scrivere, macinare] fine(ly)fa fine it's smooth o sophisticated, it's the thing.————————fine2/'fine/sostantivo f.1 (termine) end, conclusion, finish; (fondo, estremità) end, bottom; (a) fine maggio (at) the end of May; a fine giornata at the end of the day; alla fine degli anni '70 in the late 70's; a fine mattina late in the morning; fino alla fine until o to the end; mettere o porre fine a qcs. to put an end o a stop to sth., to bring sth. to an end; avvicinarsi alla fine to draw to a close o an end; alla fine at last, finally, in the end; alla fine è diventato insegnante he ended up as a teacher; alla fin fine, in fin dei conti after all, all things considered, all in all; "fine"(di film, romanzo) "the end"; senza fine [discussioni, guerra] endless, unending; essere la fine del mondo fig. to be terrific; non è la fine del mondo! it's not the end of the world! in fin di vita dying, nearing death2 (esito) end; fare una brutta fine to go to the bad, to come to a bad o sticky end, to come to no good; che fine ha fatto la mia biro? colloq. what has become of my pen?————————fine3/'fine/sostantivo m.1 (scopo) end, purpose, aim; essere a fin di bene to be well-meant o well-intentioned; a che fine? what for? what's the point? senza secondi -i without any ulterior motive; al fine di in order to; non è fine a se stesso it's not an end in itself2 (esito) ending; a lieto fine [ storia] with a happy ending; condurre qcs. a buon fine to bring sth. to a satisfactory conclusion; andare a buon fine to turn out wellil fine giustifica i mezzi prov. the end justifies the means. -
16 ragione
f reason( diritto) rightragione sociale company nameper ragioni di salute for health reasonsaver ragione be rightdare ragione a qualcuno admit that someone is righta ragione, con ragione rightlysenza ragione for no reason* * *ragione s.f.1 reason: l'età della ragione, the age of discretion: avere l'età della ragione, to reach the age of discretion; avere, riacquistare l'uso della ragione, to have, to regain the use of one's reason; agire contro ragione, to act irrationally; ricondurre qlcu. alla ragione, to make s.o. see sense; ascoltare la voce della ragione, to listen to the voice of reason; perdere il lume, l'uso della ragione, to go out of one's mind (o to lose one's wits) // (fil.) ragione pura, pratica, pure, practical reason2 ( causa, motivo) reason, motive: che ragione può avere avuto per fare ciò?, what motive can he have had for doing that?; dimmi la ragione per la quale l'hai fatto, tell me your reason for doing it; ho qualche ragione di temerlo, I have (good) reason to fear him; non c'è ragione di pensarlo, there is no reason to think so (o there are no grounds for thinking so); non è una ( buona) ragione, that is no reason (o excuse); non so la ragione di tutto ciò, I do not know the reason for all that; chiedere la ragione di un'azione, to ask the reason for an action; non lo voglio vedere per nessuna ragione, I don't want to see him for any reason (o on no account do I want to see him) // ragione di essere, reason for existence (o raison d'être o justification): il suo sospetto non aveva più ragione d'essere, her suspicion was no longer justified (o she no longer had any reason to be suspicious) // ragione di più, all the more reason: è una ragione di più per licenziarlo, that's another reason for dismissing him // ragione per cui, that's why: ragione per cui sarebbe meglio parlargli, that's why it would be better to speak to him // ragioni di famiglia, family reasons // assente per ragioni di salute, absent on the ground of ill health (o for reasons of ill health) // la foto non può essere pubblicata per ragioni di spazio, the photo can't be published because of lack of space // dare, rendere ragione di qlco., to give reasons for sthg. // non so rendermi ragione di ciò che ho fatto, I cannot explain why I did it; non so rendermi ragione di tutto ciò, I cannot understand the reason for all that // farsi una ragione di qlco., ( rassegnarsi) to resign oneself (o to accept the inevitable) // (fil.) ragione ultima delle cose, the first cause of things3 ( argomentazione, prova) reason, justification: addurre le proprie ragioni, to put forward one's reasons; intendere, sentir ragione, to listen to reason: ho cercato di convincerlo ma non vuole sentir ragione, I've tried to convince him but he won't listen to reason // a ragion veduta, after due consideration; ( deliberatamente) deliberately // rendere di pubblica ragione, to make public knowledge4 ( diritto, legittimità) right; reason: ragione e torto, right and wrong; a ragione o a torto, rightly or wrongly; a ragione si preoccupa di ciò, he has good reason to worry about it; ciò mi darà ragione, this will prove (o show) I am right; è dalla parte della ragione, he is in the right; non voleva darmi ragione, he did not want to admit I was right; avere ragione, to be right: ho ragione da vendere, I am absolutely right; ha ragione di sgridarlo, he is right to tell him off (o he has every reason to tell him off); ha mille ragioni per non venire alla festa, he has all the reasons in the world for not coming to the party; far valere le proprie ragioni, to assert one's rights // a ragione, with good reason // a maggior ragione, even more so // aver ragione di qlcu., qlco., to get the better of s.o., sthg. // darle di santa ragione a qlcu., to give s.o. a good beating (o hiding o fam. to tan s.o.'s hide); prenderle di santa ragione, to get a good beating // farsi ragione da sé, to take the law into one's hands // rendere ragione a qlcu., to do justice to s.o. // ricorrere a chi di ragione, to apply to the proper (o right) person // la ragione di Stato, reason of State5 ( tasso) rate; ( rapporto, proporzione) ratio, proportion: ragione diretta, inversa, direct, inverse ratio; ragione geometrica, geometric ratio; in ragione del 10%, at the rate of 10%; in ragione di tanto ognuno, at the rate of so much a head; distribuire gli utili in ragione del capitale versato, to distribute profits in proportion to the capital paid in6 (dir. comm.): ragione sociale, style, corporate name, company title, trade name; la ragione sociale di una ditta, the style (o name) of a firm // ragione di scambio, terms of trade.* * *[ra'dʒone]1. sf1) (facoltà) reasonperdere il lume della ragione — to lose one's reason, take leave of one's senses
non è una buona ragione! — that's no excuse o reason!
... ragion per cui sarebbe meglio partire —...that's why it would be better to leave
a o con ragione — with good reason, rightly, justly
a ragion veduta — after due consideration, (intenzionalmente) deliberately
3) Mat proportion, ratio4)aver ragione (a fare) — to be right (in doing o to do)sì, hai perfettamente ragione — yes, you're quite right
aver ragione di qn/qc — to get the better of sb/sth
avere ragione da vendere — to be absolutely right, be dead right fam
dare ragione a qn — (sogg : persona) to side with sb, (fatto) to prove sb right
farsi una ragione di qc — to accept sth, come to terms with sth
2.* * *[ra'dʒone]sostantivo femminile1) (razionalità) reason Uricondurre o riportare qcn. alla ragione to make sb. see reason; fare appello alla ragione — to appeal to people's common sense
2) (causa, motivo) reasonper la buona, semplice ragione che — for the (very) good, simple reason that
per nessuna ragione al mondo — for nothing in the world, not for all the tea in China
farsi una ragione di qcs. — to resign oneself to sth.
3) (diritto, giusta pretesa)dare ragione a qcn. — to agree with sb.
4) (spiegazione) reasonchiedere (a qcn.) ragione di qcs. — to call (sb.) to account for sth
5) mat. (rapporto) ratioin ragione del 5% — at the rate of 5%
in ragione diretta, inversa — in direct, inverse ratio o proportion
•ragion d'essere — reason for existence, raison d'être
ragione sociale — dir. company o corporate name
ragion di stato — pol. reason of state
••a maggior ragione — all the more reason, even more so
a ragion veduta — after due consideration; (di proposito) deliberately, intentionally
a o con ragione rightly; a torto o a ragione whether mistakenly or not, rightly or wrongly; avere ragione di qcn., qcs. to get the better of sb., sth.; perdere (il lume del)la ragione to lose one's reason o one's mind; darle a qcn. di santa ragione to thrash the living daylights out of sb., to give sb. a good thrashing; prenderle di santa ragione — to get a beating o thrashing
* * *ragione/ra'dʒone/sostantivo f.1 (razionalità) reason U; età della ragione age of discretion; ricondurre o riportare qcn. alla ragione to make sb. see reason; fare appello alla ragione to appeal to people's common sense2 (causa, motivo) reason; non avere nessuna ragione per to have no reason to; senza ragione (apparente) for no (apparent) reason; per una ragione o per l'altra for some reason or other; per la buona, semplice ragione che for the (very) good, simple reason that; per nessuna ragione al mondo for nothing in the world, not for all the tea in China; per -i di salute for health reasons; la ragione per cui the reason why; non c'è ragione di preoccuparsi there is no cause for concern; non vedo la ragione di fare I don't see the point of doing; avere tutte le -i per fare to have every reason for doing o to do; avere delle buone -i per pensare che to have good reasons for thinking that; farsi una ragione di qcs. to resign oneself to sth.; ragione di più per fare all the more reason to do3 (diritto, giusta pretesa) avere ragione to be right; avere perfettamente ragione to be absolutely right; dare ragione a qcn. to agree with sb.; essere dalla parte della ragione to be in the right4 (spiegazione) reason; chiedere (a qcn.) ragione di qcs. to call (sb.) to account for sth.5 mat. (rapporto) ratio; in ragione del 5% at the rate of 5%; in ragione diretta, inversa in direct, inverse ratio o proportiona maggior ragione all the more reason, even more so; a ragion veduta after due consideration; (di proposito) deliberately, intentionally; a o con ragione rightly; a torto o a ragione whether mistakenly or not, rightly or wrongly; avere ragione di qcn., qcs. to get the better of sb., sth.; perdere (il lume del)la ragione to lose one's reason o one's mind; darle a qcn. di santa ragione to thrash the living daylights out of sb., to give sb. a good thrashing; prenderle di santa ragione to get a beating o thrashing\ragion d'essere reason for existence, raison d'être; ragione sociale dir. company o corporate name; ragion di stato pol. reason of state. -
17 secondo
1. adj seconddi seconda mano second-handsecondo fine ulterior motive, hidden agenda2. prep according tosecondo me in my opinionsecondo le istruzioni as per instructions3. m secondgastronomy main course* * *secondo agg.1 num.ord. second: secondo piano, second floor (o amer. first floor); Carlo II, Charles the Second; è secondo in graduatoria, he is second from the top; arrivare secondo, to come (in) second // secondo cugino, second cousin // secondo violino, second violin // di seconda mano, second-hand; libri di seconda mano, second-hand books; comperare di seconda mano, to buy second-hand // in secondo luogo, in the second place // Gianni e Carlo sono fratelli: il primo è ingegnere, il secondo è dentista, John and Charles are brothers, the first is an engineer, the second (o the other) is a dentist // secondo turno di lavoro, swing shift // seconda convocazione, ( di assemblea) second call // (banca) secondo beneficiario, ( di una cambiale) alternative payee // (mar.) secondo ufficiale, second officer (o mate) // (inform.) seconda area, alternate area // (mat.) equazione di secondo grado, second-degree equation2 ( nuovo, altro) second: seconda natura, second nature; seconde nozze, second marriage; figlio di secondo letto, child by a second marriage; per me è stata come una seconda madre, she's been like a second mother to me; è un secondo Galileo, he is a second (o a new o another) Galileo // secondi fini, ulterior motives3 ( inferiore) second: merce di seconda scelta, seconds; articolo di seconda qualità, second-rate article; non è secondo a nessuno, he is second to none◆ s.m.2 ( seconda persona in un ordine) second: il secondo da destra è mio padre, the second on the right is my father; essere il secondo della classe, to be second in the class3 ( seconda portata) second course: cosa c'è di secondo?, what's for the second course? (o fam. for seconds?)5 ( padrino in duello) second.secondo prep.1 ( conformemente a) in accordance with, in conformity with: agire secondo la legge, to act in accordance with the law; comportarsi secondo le regole, to behave in accordance with (o in conformity with) the rules // vestire secondo la moda, to follow the fashion // andare secondo il vento, la corrente, to go downstream; (fig.) to follow the crowd // (comm.) secondo l'acconto accluso, as per enclosed account2 ( stando a, a parere di) according to, in the opinion of: secondo me, lui ecc., according to me, him etc. (o in my, his etc. opinion); secondo alcuni critici, il film è un capolavoro, according to some critics, the film is a masterpiece; secondo la Bibbia, according to the Bible; il Vangelo secondo Matteo, the Gospel according to St. Matthew // secondo il mio modo di vedere..., to my way of thinking (o in my opinion o the way I see it)...3 ( in base a, in rapporto a) according to, depending on: secondo l'ora in cui arriverà, a seconda dell'ora in cui arriverà, depending on when he arrives; secondo ciò che, a seconda di ciò che mi dirà, prenderò una decisione, depending on what he tells me, I'll decide; la gara si svolgerà in cortile o in palestra, a seconda delle condizioni del tempo, the competition will take place in the playground or in the gym (nasium), depending on the weather; spendere secondo i propri mezzi, le proprie possibilità, to spend according to one's means // fare il passo secondo la gamba, (fig.) to cut one's coat according to one's cloth // secondo i casi, a seconda dei casi, depending on the circumstances // Con uso ellittico, nelle risposte: ''C'è sempre tanto traffico?'' ''Secondo'', ''Is there always so much traffic?'' ''It depends''.* * *[se'kondo] I secondo (-a)1. agg(gen) secondpassare a seconde nozze — to remarry, marry for a second time
è un secondo Picasso — he's another o a second Picasso
di seconda mano — (oggetto, informazione) second-hand
2. sm1) (tempo) secondun secondo, arrivo subito! — I won't be a minute!
2) (anche: secondo piatto) main course, second course3. sm/fper fraseologia vedi: quinto II [se'kondo] prep1) (in base a, nell'opinione di) according to, (nel modo prescritto da, stando a) in accordance withsecondo lui — according to him, in his opinion
secondo il giornale quel film è da non perdere — according to the paper that film shouldn't be missed
secondo la legge/quanto si era deciso — in accordance with the law/the decision taken
2) (in direzione di: vento, corrente) with, (linea) along* * *I 1. [se'kondo]1) (in una serie, in un gruppo) second; (tra due) lattersecondo atto, premio — second act, prize
di -a qualità — defective, of inferior quality, reject
2) (altro) second4) ling.-a persona singolare, plurale — second person singular, plural
cugino secondo — second cousin, cousin once removed
6) telev.7) in secondo luogo second(ly)in primo luogo... e in secondo luogo... — for one thing... and for another
8) in secondo piano in the background (anche fig.), middle distance2.essere, passare in secondo piano — to be in, to fade into the background
sostantivo maschile (f. -a)1) (in una successione) second; (tra due) latterper secondo — [arrivare, partire, parlare] second
il primo è semplice, il secondo è complesso — the former is simple, the latter is complex
2) (unità di tempo) second11 metri al secondo — 11 metres per o a second
ritorno fra un secondo — (breve lasso di tempo) I'll be back in a second
3) (portata) second course4) telev. channel two5) (in un duello, nella boxe) second6) mar. second in command3.avverbio second(ly)secondo fine — by-end, hidden o secret agenda
II 1. [se'kondo]- a serata — telev. late evening viewing
1) (dal punto di vista di) according tosecondo me — according to me, in my opinion
secondo i miei calcoli — by my calculations o reckoning
il Vangelo secondo... — the Gospel according to
2) (conformemente a) according to, in compliance withsecondo la legge — according to o in compliance with the law
l'idea, la teoria secondo cui — the idea, the theory that
3) (proporzionalmente a) according to, in proportion to4) (in funzione di) depending on2.secondo le circostanze, il caso — depending on the circumstances, as the case may be
secondo come, dove — it depends how, where
* * *secondo1/se'kondo/ ⇒ 26, 5, 191 (in una serie, in un gruppo) second; (tra due) latter; secondo atto, premio second act, prize; nel secondo capitolo in chapter two; il secondo uomo più ricco del mondo the second-richest man in the world; in un secondo tempo subsequently; non essere secondo a nessuno to be second to none; di -a qualità defective, of inferior quality, reject2 (altro) second; avere una -a occasione to have a second chance3 (della seconda metà) il secondo Novecento the latter part of the 20th century4 ling. -a persona singolare, plurale second person singular, plural5 (nelle parentele) cugino secondo second cousin, cousin once removed; figli di secondo letto children of the second marriage6 telev. il secondo canale channel two7 in secondo luogo second(ly); in primo luogo... e in secondo luogo... for one thing... and for another...8 in secondo piano in the background (anche fig.), middle distance; quello in secondo piano sono io that's me in the background; essere, passare in secondo piano to be in, to fade into the background(f. -a)1 (in una successione) second; (tra due) latter; il secondo della lista the second in the list; per secondo [arrivare, partire, parlare] second; il primo è semplice, il secondo è complesso the former is simple, the latter is complex2 (unità di tempo) second; 11 metri al secondo 11 metres per o a second; ritorno fra un secondo (breve lasso di tempo) I'll be back in a second3 (portata) second course4 telev. channel two5 (in un duello, nella boxe) second6 mar. second in commandIII avverbiosecond(ly)secondo fine by-end, hidden o secret agenda; senza -i fini without any ulterior motive; - a serata telev. late evening viewing; secondo violino second violin; - a visione rerun.————————secondo2/se'kondo/1 (dal punto di vista di) according to; secondo me according to me, in my opinion; secondo me sta per piovere I think it's going to rain; secondo i miei calcoli by my calculations o reckoning; secondo gli esperti in the experts' opinion; il Vangelo secondo... the Gospel according to...2 (conformemente a) according to, in compliance with; secondo la legge according to o in compliance with the law; secondo le loro abitudini as they usually do; tutto procede secondo i piani everything is proceeding according to plan; giocare secondo le regole to play by the rules; l'idea, la teoria secondo cui the idea, the theory that; ragionare secondo schemi fissi to follow set patterns3 (proporzionalmente a) according to, in proportion to; donate secondo le vostre possibilità please give what you can afford; vivere secondo i propri mezzi to live within one's income o means4 (in funzione di) depending on; secondo le circostanze, il caso depending on the circumstances, as the case may be; deciderà secondo il suo umore his decision will depend on his moodII congiunzionesecondo quanto mi ha detto from what he said; secondo come, dove it depends how, where; secondo che depending on whether. -
18 unclear
[ʌn'klɪə(r)]1) (not evident) [motive, reason, circumstances] poco chiaro; [ future] incertoit is unclear whether... — non si capisce o non è chiaro se...
2) (not comprehensible) [instructions, voice, answer] poco chiaro, incomprensibile; [ handwriting] illeggibile3) (uncertain)to be unclear about sth. — non essere sicuro di qcs
* * *unclear /ʌnˈklɪə(r)/a.1 poco chiaro; oscuro: It's still unclear what exactly happened, non è ancora chiaro cosa sia successo esattamente; The events leading up to the violence remain unclear, gli avvenimenti che sono sfociati in violenza rimangono oscuri2 incerto: They seem unclear as to what to do, sembrano incerti sul da farsi; I'm unclear about what we're supposed to do, non mi è chiaro cosa dovremmo fareunclearly avv. unclearness n. [u].* * *[ʌn'klɪə(r)]1) (not evident) [motive, reason, circumstances] poco chiaro; [ future] incertoit is unclear whether... — non si capisce o non è chiaro se...
2) (not comprehensible) [instructions, voice, answer] poco chiaro, incomprensibile; [ handwriting] illeggibile3) (uncertain)to be unclear about sth. — non essere sicuro di qcs
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19 Hamilton, Harold Lee (Hal)
[br]b. 14 June 1890 Little Shasta, California, USAd. 3 May 1969 California, USA[br]American pioneer of diesel rail traction.[br]Orphaned as a child, Hamilton went to work for Southern Pacific Railroad in his teens, and then worked for several other companies. In his spare time he learned mathematics and physics from a retired professor. In 1911 he joined the White Motor Company, makers of road motor vehicles in Denver, Colorado, where he had gone to recuperate from malaria. He remained there until 1922, apart from an eighteenth-month break for war service.Upon his return from war service, Hamilton found White selling petrol-engined railbuses with mechanical transmission, based on road vehicles, to railways. He noted that they were not robust enough and that the success of petrol railcars with electric transmission, built by General Electric since 1906, was limited as they were complex to drive and maintain. In 1922 Hamilton formed, and became President of, the Electro- Motive Engineering Corporation (later Electro-Motive Corporation) to design and produce petrol-electric rail cars. Needing an engine larger than those used in road vehicles, yet lighter and faster than marine engines, he approached the Win ton Engine Company to develop a suitable engine; in addition, General Electric provided electric transmission with a simplified control system. Using these components, Hamilton arranged for his petrol-electric railcars to be built by the St Louis Car Company, with the first being completed in 1924. It was the beginning of a highly successful series. Fuel costs were lower than for steam trains and initial costs were kept down by using standardized vehicles instead of designing for individual railways. Maintenance costs were minimized because Electro-Motive kept stocks of spare parts and supplied replacement units when necessary. As more powerful, 800 hp (600 kW) railcars were produced, railways tended to use them to haul trailer vehicles, although that practice reduced the fuel saving. By the end of the decade Electro-Motive needed engines more powerful still and therefore had to use cheap fuel. Diesel engines of the period, such as those that Winton had made for some years, were too heavy in relation to their power, and too slow and sluggish for rail use. Their fuel-injection system was erratic and insufficiently robust and Hamilton concluded that a separate injector was needed for each cylinder.In 1930 Electro-Motive Corporation and Winton were acquired by General Motors in pursuance of their aim to develop a diesel engine suitable for rail traction, with the use of unit fuel injectors; Hamilton retained his position as President. At this time, industrial depression had combined with road and air competition to undermine railway-passenger business, and Ralph Budd, President of the Chicago, Burlington \& Quincy Railroad, thought that traffic could be recovered by way of high-speed, luxury motor trains; hence the Pioneer Zephyr was built for the Burlington. This comprised a 600 hp (450 kW), lightweight, two-stroke, diesel engine developed by General Motors (model 201 A), with electric transmission, that powered a streamlined train of three articulated coaches. This train demonstrated its powers on 26 May 1934 by running non-stop from Denver to Chicago, a distance of 1,015 miles (1,635 km), in 13 hours and 6 minutes, when the fastest steam schedule was 26 hours. Hamilton and Budd were among those on board the train, and it ushered in an era of high-speed diesel trains in the USA. By then Hamilton, with General Motors backing, was planning to use the lightweight engine to power diesel-electric locomotives. Their layout was derived not from steam locomotives, but from the standard American boxcar. The power plant was mounted within the body and powered the bogies, and driver's cabs were at each end. Two 900 hp (670 kW) engines were mounted in a single car to become an 1,800 hp (l,340 kW) locomotive, which could be operated in multiple by a single driver to form a 3,600 hp (2,680 kW) locomotive. To keep costs down, standard locomotives could be mass-produced rather than needing individual designs for each railway, as with steam locomotives. Two units of this type were completed in 1935 and sent on trial throughout much of the USA. They were able to match steam locomotive performance, with considerable economies: fuel costs alone were halved and there was much less wear on the track. In the same year, Electro-Motive began manufacturing diesel-electrie locomotives at La Grange, Illinois, with design modifications: the driver was placed high up above a projecting nose, which improved visibility and provided protection in the event of collision on unguarded level crossings; six-wheeled bogies were introduced, to reduce axle loading and improve stability. The first production passenger locomotives emerged from La Grange in 1937, and by early 1939 seventy units were in service. Meanwhile, improved engines had been developed and were being made at La Grange, and late in 1939 a prototype, four-unit, 5,400 hp (4,000 kW) diesel-electric locomotive for freight trains was produced and sent out on test from coast to coast; production versions appeared late in 1940. After an interval from 1941 to 1943, when Electro-Motive produced diesel engines for military and naval use, locomotive production resumed in quantity in 1944, and within a few years diesel power replaced steam on most railways in the USA.Hal Hamilton remained President of Electro-Motive Corporation until 1942, when it became a division of General Motors, of which he became Vice-President.[br]Further ReadingP.M.Reck, 1948, On Time: The History of the Electro-Motive Division of General Motors Corporation, La Grange, Ill.: General Motors (describes Hamilton's career).PJGRBiographical history of technology > Hamilton, Harold Lee (Hal)
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20 nota
nŏta, ae, f. [st1]1 [-] signe, marque, abréviation; poét. écrit, lettre. - reliquis epistulis notam apponam eam quæ mihi tecum convenit, Cic. Fam. 13, 6, 2: dans les autres lettres je mettrai la marque dont je suis convenu avec toi. - notæ ac vestigia flagitiorum, Cic. Verr. 2, 115: marques et traces d'infamies. - notæ argumentorum, Cic. de Or. 2, 174: marques distinctives des arguments [qui les font trouver aisément]. - nomina tamquam rerum notæ, Cic. Fin. 5, 74: les termes qui sont en qq sorte les signes distinctifs des idées. - cujusque generis nota, Cic. Or. 75: trait caractéristique de chaque genre. - litterarum notæ, Cic. Tusc. 1, 62: signes d'écriture, lettres (chiffres: Diom. 426, 3). - d'où [poét.] écrit, lettre Hor. O. 4, 8, 13; Ov. M. 6, 577, etc. - notae musicae, Quint.: notes de musiques. - notæ librariorum, Cic. de Or. 3, 173: signes des copistes, signes de ponctuation. - compuctus notis, Cic. Off. 2: tatoué. - deformare stigmatum notis, Suet.: marquer au fer rouge. [st1]2 [-] empreinte de monnaie, effigie. - modo munera dividebat... modo nummos omnis notae, Suet. Aug. 75: il distribuait tantôt des présents tantôt des monnaies de toute effigie. - quotiens per notas scribit, B pro A, C pro B ponit, Suet. Aug. 88: chaque fois qu'il écrit en lettres chiffrées, il met B au lieu de A, C au lieu de B. - nummum argenteum nota sideris Capricorni percutere, Suet. Aug. 94: faire frapper une pièce de monnaie à l'effigie du capricorne. [st1]3 [-] étiquette (sur les amphores pour rappeler l'année du vin ou le cru). - cf. Cic. Br. 287. - interior nota Falerni, Hor. O. 2: l'étiquette du Falerne placé au fond de la cave. - ut Chio nota si conmixta Falerni est, Hor. S. 1, 10: comme si au vin de Chios était mélangé le cru de Falerne. [st1]4 [-] note du censeur, blâme (motivé, inscrit à côté du nom). - nota censoria ou nota: blâme du censeur. - censoriæ severitatis nota inuri, Cic. Clu. 129: être marqué d'infamie par la rigueur des censeurs. - institutum fertur, ut censores motis e senatu adscriberent notas, Liv. 39, 42, 6: c'était l'usage, paraît-il, que les censeurs ajoutassent à côté du nom des exclus du Sénat une note justificative. - cf. Liv. 24, 18, 9; 32, 7, 3; 41, 27, 1. - ad cenam, non ad notam invito, Plin. Ep. 2, 6, 3: c'est à un dîner, non à un arrêt flétrissant de censeur que j'invite. [st1]5 [-] tache, flétrissure, honte. - quæ nota domesticæ turpitudinis non insista vitæ tuæ est? Cic. Cat. 1, 13: est-il une flétrissure provenant de scandales domestiques qui ne soit imprimée sur ta vie? -- cf. Cic. Sull. 88. - litteras alicujus insigni quadam nota atque ignominia nota condemnare, Cic. Prov. 25: condamner une lettre de qqn en lui imprimant une sorte de stigmate insigne, une flétrissure d'un genre nouveau. [st1]6 [-] marque, sorte, qualité. - mel secundæ notæ, Col. 9, 15, 3: miel de seconde qualité. - ex hac nota corporum est aer, Sen. Nat. 2, 2, 4: l'air est un corps de cette espèce. - de meliore nota commendare aliquem, Cic. Fam. 7, 29, 1: recommander qqn de la meilleure sorte. - beneficia ex vulgari nota, Sen. Ben. 3, 9, 1: bienfaits d'espèce commune. - pessimae notae mancipia, Sen. Ep. 2, 15, 3: les esclaves de la pire espèce. [st1]7 [-] annotation, marque, remarque. - notam apponere ad malum versum, Cic. Pis. 73: mettre une remarque devant un mauvais vers. - nomina et notae morti destinatorum, Suet.: les noms et les annotations concernant les personnes destinées à la mort. - ex nota Marcelli constat... Dig. 49, 17, 10: il résulte d'une note de Marcellus... [st1]8 [-] qqf. distinction honorable. - ab urbe Numantina traxit notam, Ov.: il doit à Numance son nom glorieux.* * *nŏta, ae, f. [st1]1 [-] signe, marque, abréviation; poét. écrit, lettre. - reliquis epistulis notam apponam eam quæ mihi tecum convenit, Cic. Fam. 13, 6, 2: dans les autres lettres je mettrai la marque dont je suis convenu avec toi. - notæ ac vestigia flagitiorum, Cic. Verr. 2, 115: marques et traces d'infamies. - notæ argumentorum, Cic. de Or. 2, 174: marques distinctives des arguments [qui les font trouver aisément]. - nomina tamquam rerum notæ, Cic. Fin. 5, 74: les termes qui sont en qq sorte les signes distinctifs des idées. - cujusque generis nota, Cic. Or. 75: trait caractéristique de chaque genre. - litterarum notæ, Cic. Tusc. 1, 62: signes d'écriture, lettres (chiffres: Diom. 426, 3). - d'où [poét.] écrit, lettre Hor. O. 4, 8, 13; Ov. M. 6, 577, etc. - notae musicae, Quint.: notes de musiques. - notæ librariorum, Cic. de Or. 3, 173: signes des copistes, signes de ponctuation. - compuctus notis, Cic. Off. 2: tatoué. - deformare stigmatum notis, Suet.: marquer au fer rouge. [st1]2 [-] empreinte de monnaie, effigie. - modo munera dividebat... modo nummos omnis notae, Suet. Aug. 75: il distribuait tantôt des présents tantôt des monnaies de toute effigie. - quotiens per notas scribit, B pro A, C pro B ponit, Suet. Aug. 88: chaque fois qu'il écrit en lettres chiffrées, il met B au lieu de A, C au lieu de B. - nummum argenteum nota sideris Capricorni percutere, Suet. Aug. 94: faire frapper une pièce de monnaie à l'effigie du capricorne. [st1]3 [-] étiquette (sur les amphores pour rappeler l'année du vin ou le cru). - cf. Cic. Br. 287. - interior nota Falerni, Hor. O. 2: l'étiquette du Falerne placé au fond de la cave. - ut Chio nota si conmixta Falerni est, Hor. S. 1, 10: comme si au vin de Chios était mélangé le cru de Falerne. [st1]4 [-] note du censeur, blâme (motivé, inscrit à côté du nom). - nota censoria ou nota: blâme du censeur. - censoriæ severitatis nota inuri, Cic. Clu. 129: être marqué d'infamie par la rigueur des censeurs. - institutum fertur, ut censores motis e senatu adscriberent notas, Liv. 39, 42, 6: c'était l'usage, paraît-il, que les censeurs ajoutassent à côté du nom des exclus du Sénat une note justificative. - cf. Liv. 24, 18, 9; 32, 7, 3; 41, 27, 1. - ad cenam, non ad notam invito, Plin. Ep. 2, 6, 3: c'est à un dîner, non à un arrêt flétrissant de censeur que j'invite. [st1]5 [-] tache, flétrissure, honte. - quæ nota domesticæ turpitudinis non insista vitæ tuæ est? Cic. Cat. 1, 13: est-il une flétrissure provenant de scandales domestiques qui ne soit imprimée sur ta vie? -- cf. Cic. Sull. 88. - litteras alicujus insigni quadam nota atque ignominia nota condemnare, Cic. Prov. 25: condamner une lettre de qqn en lui imprimant une sorte de stigmate insigne, une flétrissure d'un genre nouveau. [st1]6 [-] marque, sorte, qualité. - mel secundæ notæ, Col. 9, 15, 3: miel de seconde qualité. - ex hac nota corporum est aer, Sen. Nat. 2, 2, 4: l'air est un corps de cette espèce. - de meliore nota commendare aliquem, Cic. Fam. 7, 29, 1: recommander qqn de la meilleure sorte. - beneficia ex vulgari nota, Sen. Ben. 3, 9, 1: bienfaits d'espèce commune. - pessimae notae mancipia, Sen. Ep. 2, 15, 3: les esclaves de la pire espèce. [st1]7 [-] annotation, marque, remarque. - notam apponere ad malum versum, Cic. Pis. 73: mettre une remarque devant un mauvais vers. - nomina et notae morti destinatorum, Suet.: les noms et les annotations concernant les personnes destinées à la mort. - ex nota Marcelli constat... Dig. 49, 17, 10: il résulte d'une note de Marcellus... [st1]8 [-] qqf. distinction honorable. - ab urbe Numantina traxit notam, Ov.: il doit à Numance son nom glorieux.* * *Nota, notae, a Nosco, noscis, noui, notum. Plin. Une marque, Une note, Tavelure, Tache.\Grandibus notis maculosus. Virgil. Tavelé, Taché, Tacheté, Moucheté, Marqueté.\Lasciuis notis liuida colla. Ouid. De morsures.\Apponere notam ad malum versum. Cic. Y mettre une marque.\Sulpitii successori nos de meliore nota commenda. Curius ad Ciceronem. A bon escient, et de la plus grande recommendation qui soit, Bien affectueusement, De la bonne sorte.\Nonnullis commisceri muraenas cum alterius notae piscibus, non placet. Columel. Avec poissons d'autre sorte, ou espece.\Mandare notas et nomina foliis. Virgil. Escrire sur des fueilles d'arbres.\Notae. Sueton. Petites marques et abbregez, ou abbreviatures, dont les anciens escrivoyent, quand ils avoyent haste.\Notis scribere. Sueton. Escrire par telles petites marques et abbregez.\Nota. Cic. Mauvais bruit et renom de deshonneur, Diffame.\Inurere notam. Cic. Mettre sus un mauvais bruit d'aucun, Diffamer.\Eximere notae. Gell. Faire grace du mauvais bruit qu'on avoit imposé.\Notae, Reprehensiones. Plin. iunior. Reprehensions et correction d'aucune escripture.\Apponere notam. Cic. Mettre quelque marque.\Ad coenam, non ad notam inuito. Plin. iunior. Je semonds les gents à souper, et non point à les noter et diffamer.\Instruit etiam secretis notis, per quas haud dubie agnoscerent sua mandata esse. Liu. Il luy baille signes ou marques et certaines enseignes.\Notae amoris. Cic. Signes d'amours.\Notas et vestigia scelerum suorum multis in locis relinquere. Cic. Arguments et indices.
См. также в других словарях:
motivé — motivé, ée adj. Soutenu, stimulé par une motivation. ⇒MOTIVÉ, ÉE, part. passé et adj. I. Part. passé de motiver (v. ce mot I B). Suscité. Il y a bien des actes, de vilains actes motivés par de l argent (GONCOURT, Journal, 1895, p.740). II.… … Encyclopédie Universelle
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Non Expedit — • Words with which the Holy See enjoined upon Italian Catholics the policy of abstention from parliamentary elections Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight. 2006. Non Expedit Non Expedit … Catholic encyclopedia
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Mixed motive discrimination — is a category of discrimination under the Title VII. Where the plaintiff has shown intentional discrimination in a mixed motive case, the defendant can still avoid liability for money damages by demonstrating by a preponderance of the evidence… … Wikipedia